![]() ![]() The diary also mentions the original name of the Great Pyramid: Akhet-Khufu, meaning "Horizon of Khufu". Under the entries for the days, there are always two vertical columns describing what happened on these days (Section B II): The director of 6 Idjeru casts for Heliopolis in a transport boat to bring us food from Heliopolis while the elite is in Tura, Day 2 Inspector Merer spends the day with his troop hauling stones in Tura North spending the night at Tura North. ![]() Under that there is a horizontal line listing the days of the months. At the top there is a heading naming the month and the season. The entries in the logbooks are all arranged along the same line. The period covered in the papyri extends from July to November. About every ten days, two or three round trips were done, shipping perhaps 30 blocks of 2–3 tonnes each, amounting to 200 blocks per month. Though the diary does not specify where the stones were to be used or for what purpose, given the diary may date to what is widely considered the very end of Khufu's reign, Tallet believes they were most likely for cladding the outside of the Great Pyramid. The most intact papyri describe several months of work with the transportation of limestone from quarries Tura North and Tura South to Giza in the 27th year of the reign of pharaoh Khufu. The Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass describes the Diary of Merer as "the greatest discovery in Egypt in the 21st century." Parts of the papyri are exhibited at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The most well preserved sections ( Papyrus Jarf A and B) document the transportation of white limestone blocks from the Tura quarries to Giza by boat.īuried in front of man-made-caves that served to store the boats at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea coast, the papyri were found and excavated in 2013 by a French mission under the direction of archaeologists Pierre Tallet of Paris-Sorbonne University and Gregory Marouard. The text, written with ( hieratic) hieroglyphs, mostly consists of lists of the daily activities of Merer and his crew. They are the oldest known papyri with text, dating to the 27th year of the reign of pharaoh Khufu during the 4th dynasty. The Diary of Merer (also known as Papyrus Jarf) is the name for papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle ranking official with the title inspector ( sHD). ![]()
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